Zhang

Jesus in Christian
 "The Image of Jesus Christ in a Chinese Inclusivist Context: I-kuan Tao's Christology and its Implications for Interreligious Dialogue.

The Transformation of Yiguan Dao in Taiwan: 

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=XmLpNSMFBtsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

We have the Mandate!

"We have the Mandate!"
 From Shangqing Tianguo to Tian Empire

 The Shangqing Tianguo (English: The Pure Kingdom Upon the Heavens) is a theocratic revolutionary state founded by Zhang Tianran and his I-Kuan Tao (English: The Path of Consistence), it is also considered the "spiritual successor" of the Taiping Tianguo, the failed rebellion attempt against the Qing Empire in the 1850s-60s. The State is controlled by the Great Teacher, position held the founder of the I-Kuan Tao, and his second-in-command woman and wife, Sun Sunzhen. The I-Kuan Tao combines Taoist, Confucianist and Buddhist concepts and philosophy with western religion's, specially Christianism and Islam, and like the latter two, is monotheistic.

This state was founded following the German intervention in China, in the mid-20s when the people saw the, already hated, restored Qing dynasty as even more corrupt and foreign-controlled, not worthy of holding the mandate of heaven. Moved by Zhang Tianran and his charismatic speeches about an united China ruled only by Chinese people, a powerful middle kingdom, a Kingdom over the heavens, these people rallied to his cause, and over a couple of years, his little cult grown to a powerful faction to be considered, with special strength in the mountains of central China, in the Shaanxi province. In 1924, they successfully revolted against the Qing government, seizing the Shaanxi province, implemented a theocratic, but benevolent, government and compared to the Qing government, liberal and with a modern bureaucracy.

Zhang then proceed to to industrialize the province and founded an army which he named "Millenarian Movement Army" and entitled Fang Zhimin, a known military commander and faithful follower of the I-Kuan Tao , as "Commander of the great armies of heaven", who proceed to heavily fortify the province, successfully. Now, 1936, after gathering a great army and followers and industrializing and modernising his state, Zhang Tianran has declared a "Heavenly Crusade", to expel the foreign, the corrupt and the impure from the Middle Kingdom. Will this campaign success, will China be really be the Empire on top of the heaven that he proclaims? Or will he fade on the shadows of history, as another failed revolutionary?

Zhang Tianran

Great Teacher Zhang Tianran (張天然) (1889–?) is the leader of Shangqing Tianguo and also founder of I-Kuan Tao, a modern religious movement. He is usually referred to as the Father of I-Kuan Tao, or asShi Zun (師尊), meaning the Honored Teacher.

Early life

He was born under the name Kui Sheng, and also asZhang Guang Bi. Zhang Tian Ran was his official religious name. He was also known as Kung Chang(Kung and Chang are the two readings of the character Zhang). Zhang was born on the 19th day of the 7th Lunar month in 1889, in Jining prefecture, northern province Shandong. In 1908, Zhang married with a woman named Zhu, but Zhu died a year later. Two years later Zhang married again to a woman of the surname Liu.

He left home and traveled to Nanjing and Shanghai. At age 24, Zhang joined the army as a low ranking military officer. Zhang was then initiated in I-Kuan Taoin 1914. The 17th patriarch Lu Zhongyi heard the conduct of Zhang and told Zhang to join in Jining. Lu died in 1925 soon after the establishment ofShangqing Tianguo, and was succeeded by Zhang Tianran who immediately started working on the newly formed nation.

Leadership in I-Kuan Tao

There are various versions concerning the transfer of the 18th patriarch and the meeting of Zhang Tianran with Sun Suzhen. The most simple version states that the Venerable Mother transferred the 18th patriarchs to both Zhang and Sun. The most widely accepted version in Western literature states that Zhang took Sun Suzhen as his second wife in 1930. She was already a member of I-Kuan Tao and it was believed that Zhang married her after a "divine message". Zhang was considered as the incarnation of Ji Gong, a Buddhist monk who was revered as an incarnation of an Arhat by Buddhists and also Taoists. Sun was then considered as the reincarnation of Yue Hui (Bodhisattva of Moon Wisdom). He doesn't have much time for his kids but he has exactly 12. He would make time to spend with them.

Zhang moved out of Jining right after the indepentent state of Shangqing Tianguo was created, and in 1924 traveled to [[ Xa'an]] the capital ofShangqing, to govern the glorious nation. He also founded the Hall of Lofty Splendor (Chong Hua Tang) and attracted many followers. These first followers later become Zhang's apostles. From Jinan I-Kuan Tao spread quickly throughout North China. Within a year, four more temples were established. In 1934, Zhang went to Tianjin established another temple and became the base of the propagation. From Tianjin, Zhang's disciples propagated the teaching to various parts of China, but mostly in Shangqing but also in the Qing Empire.

Shangqing Tianguo

The Shangqing Tianguo is a state in central China. It borders the Qing Empire in the north and east, Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft to the southeast, the Yunnan Clique to the south and the Xibei Lianbang Yiyuan warlords' demesne in the west.

History

The Shangqing Tianguo (English: The Pure Kingdom Upon the Heavens) is a theocratic revolutionary state founded by Zhang Tianran and his religious movement, I-Kuan Tao (English: The Path of Consistence). It is considered the spiritual successor of the Taiping Tianguo--an ill-fated rebellion against the Qing Empire in the 1850s-60s. The state is controlled by the Great Teacher, a position held by the Patriarch of the I-Kuan Tao. His wife, Sun Sunzhen serves as his second in command. The I-Kuan Tao is a monotheistic religion that borrows its core beliefs from Christianity and Islam, and the philosophical teachings of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism.

The Tianguo was founded during a tumultuous period of civil unrest in the 1920s. China was divided by several competing warlord cliques, none of whom could adequately prove themselves worthy of the Mandate from Heaven. The disillusioned Chinese people were inspired by the charismatic demagogue and 17th Patriarch of the I-Kuan Tao cult, Lu Zhongyi. Lu spoke of a unified China, once again a great power; truly deserving of the name "Middle Kingdom." Most importantly, however, he proclaimed that China would be for the Chinese, and the foreign devils and their running dogs would be expelled once and for all! His words rallied all those who heard them to his cause, and within a few years' time, the ranks of his cult had grown to the point that it was able to compete with more established cliques.

In 1924, Lu Zhongyi successfully broke free of the unstable de jure government by seizing the Shaanxi province and proclaiming the mountains of central China to be the domain of the Shangqing Tianguo. Lu then set about establishing a benevolent theocracy with a modern, centralized bureaucracy. Although Lu's government was largely authoritarian, it was far more stable and (some argue) more enlightened than the German-backed Qing government to the East.

Lu would never see his dream of a unified China come to fruition. He passed away in 1925, leaving the position of Great Teacher to Zhang Tianran. Zhang understood that if he was to unify China under the I-Kuan Tao, he would have to stand up to the warlord cliques and possibly major foreign powers. To make this possible, he would have to modernize and industrialize the Shaanxi province. Over the next decade, Zhang ordered the construction of several roads, railways, and factories. He also founded theMillenarian Movement Army and appointed Fang Zhimin--a respected military commander and loyal student of the I-Kuan Tao--as his supreme commander.

Under Fang's watchful eye, the Millenarian Movement Army heavily fortified the mountains. The heavy fortifications combined with the natural defensive advantage of mountain ranges allowed the Millenarians to successfully repel a grand offensive by the German Expeditionary Force, securing Shangqing Tianguo's independence, at least for the time being. As a new year dawns upon the word, the modernization program of the Shangqing has born fruit, and Zhang is ready to declare a holy crusade against the non-believers and foreign intruders. Will the Pure Kingdom Under Heaven successfully unify all of China under one ruler? Will China be once again to the Chinese? Will the Germans and Japanese, hungrily clinging to their ill-gotten gains, be driven out once and for all? Only time will tell.

Government

Shangqing Tianguo's government resembles a modified form of centralized democracy, a concept first proposed by an ill-fated Russian idealist. Authority is organized in the form of a three-tiered pyramid. The first and highest tier is occupied by the Great Teacher himself, Ziang Tianran, and his wife. They handle the most important national matters, hear appeals and petitions, and have the power to make binding, arbitrary decisions over matters brought to them.

The second tier is occupied by a diverse array of bureaus, each specializing in a political matter (i.e. industry, agriculture). Every month, each bureau holds a meeting, assembling a panel of randomly-selected citizens to discuss day to day matters and address problems brought to their attention by the citizenry. They are also responsible for forwarding proposals and appeals to the Great Teacher. The third and lowest tier is occupied by the citizens themselves. Theoretically, the citizens have broad access to political participation; they brief their fellow citizens on lesser matters, create the petitions to be sent to the Great Teacher for consideration, and can allocate national funds to bureaus by popular vote.

In exchange for populist access to the government, citizens are expected to dedicate their lives to the I-kuan Tao and the future of the Shangqing Tianguo. This includes, but is not limited to, conscription of all able-bodied men and women in times of war (normally, this is not an issue, as the citizens of Shangqing Tianguo are fanatically loyal to the Great Teacher). Women enjoy much of the same privileges afforded to men, both as civilians and as soldiers, which makes the Shangqing Tianguo a unique faction among the Chinese states. Unlike the repressiveQing government, soldiers are permitted to wear their hair as they wish, instead of being restricted to the traditional Manchu hairstyle.

Military

The Qingguo Tianjun (English: "Heavenly Host of the Pure Kingdom"), known colloquially as the Millenarian Movement Army, is rudimentary and obsolete both in equipment and tactics. Only a few professional soldiers form its ranks; the rest are poorly-trained, but fanatically loyal militias. Although they are armed with Weltkrieg-era small arms, and possess neither armor nor artillery, they are estimated to be better equipped than the Ma and Yunnan Cliques neighboring them. As of this writing, Shangqing Tianguo has no air force to speak of, due largely in part to their lack of the materials and facilities necessary to construct planes.

The Millenarian Movement Army is currently led by Commander Fang Zhimin, who earned much respect and prestige after leading the successful defense against the German-backed Qing during the civil war. Despite his army's small size and poor equipment, he knows how to use the devotion of his soldiers to full effect, enabling him to hold his own against a minor power.

Flag of the Shangqing Tianguo
Motto Gong qingguo Cheng tianchou (Solidify our Pure Kingdom, Underneath the aegis of heaven,!)
Anthem March of the believers
Official Language	Chinese
Capital	Xa'an (provisional)
Head of State	Great Teacher Zhang Tianran
Head of government	Sun Sunzhen
Establishment   - Shixaan Heavenly revolution	18 December 1924
Government	Theocratic state
Currency	Yuan (de facto)
Population	Unknown (The cult grows in numbers every day)

Life of Beta

Life of Beta..
Beta is the second alphabet character in Greek.
Unlike Pi, Beta usually means the second. Beta software is a pre-release.
Being second is not always bad...